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A good judgement call happens if the ball is being shot on goal, hits a player's hand, and changes direction. Was it unintentional? If yes, still award the PK b/c it took away a goal scoring opportunity.

If the ball is in the box, hits a hand or arm, and it was unintentional, then it should not be a pk. But shots on goal that hit hands or arms, whether intentional or unintentional, should be pks.



Ok, so by what you are saying...
Defender is running across the face of the goal keeping pace with a forward. Another attacker fires the ball point-blank and hits the defender in the arm as she is running. She has no chance to move or avoid it and is only moving in a natural running motion. Did impact with the player's arm change the course of the ball into the goal? Sure. PK? Please.

Defender is running back with a forward toward the goal. Midfielder shoots from behind her and clips her in the hand when she didn't see it coming. PK?

Scrum in front of the goal with a loose ball. Ball is kicked hard in the knot of players and bounces up off a foot or ankle into a hand...again, millisecond, no chance to avoid. PK? How do you penalize a player for an action that was inflicted on them through no particular action of their own and they have no real chance to avoid?

"It took away a goal scoring opportunity" is a silly way to determine whether something should be called as a foul or not. That's like saying if a car hits me on the road and nobody is injured, it's not my fault, but if the same car hits me and someone in that car is injured, I'm liable for it. Either the action itself was illegal or it wasn't...the particular trajectory of the ball at that particular instant should have nothing to do with it.

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